Network Learning vs. E-Learning: EFL Teachers and Learners' Views
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61227/iltt.v1i2.221Keywords:
Collaboration, E-Learning, Online learning, Learner-centered approach, Network LearningAbstract
Recent years, the reputation and approval of online classes have paved the way to growing number of online course presented by institutions and colleges. The study aims at investigating the views of teachers and students about Network Learning vs. E-Learning and compare them. The analysis was carried out using the data collected through two separate structured questionnaires in a Likert scale for students and teachers at a university. Data were recorded in SPSS and analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results were presented in the forms of means and standard deviations. The finding showed the both teachers and students gave positive views about online classes in the forms of e-learning and network learning yet with a different percent. The study reveals that students are comfortable with online classes and are getting enough support from teachers but they do not believe that online classes will replace traditional classroom teaching. However, some teachers are facing problems in doing online classes due to a lack of proper training and development for doing online classes. There were some technical issues as a major problem for the effectiveness of these kinds of classes. Finally, Mann-Whitney U test is applied to explore any significant difference between the views of the two groups. It showed that both teachers and students views’ are more positive towards network learning. The study has some pedagogical implications and has some suggestions for further studies.
References
Agustina, E. & Cahyono, B.Y. (2017). Perceptions of Indonesian teachers and students on the use of quipper school as an online platform for extended EFL learning. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 8(4), 738-794.
doi: 10.17507/jltr.0804.20.
Anderson, A. R., Christenson, S. L., Sinclair, M. F., & Lehr, C. A. (2004). Check & connect: importance of relationships for promoting engagement with school. Journal of School Psychology, 42(2), 95–113.
Barsalou, L. W. (2009). Simulation, situated conceptualization, and prediction. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(152), 1281–1289.
Beatty, B. and Ulasewicz, C. (2006), Faculty perspectives on moving from Blackboard to the Moodle learning management system. British Educational Research Journal, 50(4), 36 - 45.
Beaty, L., Hodgson, V., Mann, S., & McConnell, D. (2002). Towards e-quality in networked e-learning in higher education. http://www.networkedlearningconference.org.uk/past/nlc2002/manifesto.htm.
Bennett, S. and Lockyer, L. (2004). Becoming an online teacher: adapting to a changed environment for teaching and learning in higher education, Educational Media International, 41(3), 231-248.
Biesta, G. (2007) Bridging the gap between educational research and educational practice: the need for critical distance, Educational Research and Evaluation, 13, 295–301.
Britt, R. (2006). Online education: a survey of faculty and students, Radiologic Technology, 77 (3), 183-190.
Broekkamp, H. & Van Hout-Wolters, B. (2007). The gap between educational research and practice: a literature review, symposium and questionnaire, Educational Research and Evaluation, 13, 203–220.
Coll, C., Rochera, M. J., & de Gispert, I. (2014). Supporting online collaborative learning in small groups: Teacher feedback on learning content, academic task and social cooperation. Computers & Education, 75, 53–64.
Creemers, B. P. M. (1996). The effective classroom. London: Cassell.
Carvalho, L.,&Yeoman, P. (2018). Framing learning entanglement in innovative learning spaces: connecting theory, design and practice. British Educational Research Journal, 44(6), 1120–1137. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3483.
Dillenbourg P (1999) What do you mean by collaborative learning? In: Dillenbourg P (ed.)
Collaborative-Learning: Cognitive and Computational Approaches. Oxford: Elsevier Publishing, pp. 1–19.
Economic Times (2020), The Economic Times, Definition of ‘E-learning’, available at: https:// economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/e-learning.
Fawns, T. (2019). Postdigital education in design and practice. Postdigital Science and
Education, 1(1), 132–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-018-0021-8.
Fredricks, J., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74, 59–109.
Garrison, D. R., T. Anderson, and W. Archer. (2000). Critical inquiry in a text-based
environment: Computer conferencing in higher education. Internet and Higher
Education 2, 87–105.
Goodyear, P. (2014). Productive learning networks: The evolution of research and practice. In L. Carvalho & P. Goodyear (Eds.), The architecture of productive learning networks (pp. 23–47). Abingdon: Routledge.
Goodyear, P., Banks, S., Hodgson, V., & McConnell, D. (Eds.). (2004). Advances in research on networked learning. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dohn NB (2009) Web 2.0: Inherent tensions and evident challenges for education. International Journal of Computer Collaborative Learning 4(3), 343–363.
Hammond, M. (2016). Online collaboration and cooperation: The recurring importance of evidence, rationale and viability. Education and Information Technologies 22(3): 1005 - 1024.
Harari, Y. N. (2020). Yuval Noah Harari: The world after coronavirus. https://www.ft.com/ content/19d90308-6858-11ea-a3c9-1fe6fedcca75
Hodgson, V., & McConnell, D. (2019). Networked learning and postdigital education.
Postdigital Science and Education, 1(1), 43–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-018-0029-0.
Hurd, S. (2005). Autonomy and the distance language learner in Holmberger, B., Shelley
M., White, C.(eds): Distance Education and Languages. Multilingual Matters, pp. 1-19.
Inayat, I., Amin, R. U., Inayat, Z., & Salim, S. S. (2013). Effects on collaborative web-based vocational education and training on learning outcomes. Computers & Education, 68, 153– 166.
Jones, C. R. (2015). Networked learning: An educational paradigm for the age of digital
networks. Dordrecht: Springer. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1007/ 978-3- 319- 01934-5.
Jones, C. R., & Dirckinck-Holmfeld, L. (2009). Analysing networked learning practices: an introduction. In L. Dirckinck-Holmfeld, C. R. Jones, & B. Lindström (Eds.), Analysing networked learning practices in higher education and continuing professional development (pp. 1-27).
Ketelaar, E., D. Beijaard, H.P.A. Boshuizen, and P.J. Den Brok. (2012). Teachers’ Positioning Towards an Educational Innovation in the Light of Ownership, Sense-making and Agency. Teaching and Teacher Education, 28, 273–282.
doi:10.1016/j.tate.2011.10.004.
Kim, Y. (2009). The effects of task complexity on learner‐learner interaction. System, 37, 254– 268.
King, F., & Stevenson, H. (2017). Generating Change from Below: What Role for Leadership Above?. Journal of Educational Administration, 55, 657–670. doi:10.1108/JEA-07-2016-0074.
Koehler, M.J., Punyashloke, M., Hershey, K. and Peruski, L. (2004), With a little help from students: a new model for faculty development and online course design, Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 12 (1), 25-55.
Lewin T (2013). Online classes fuel campus debate. The New York Times, Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/20/education/online-classes-fuel-a-campus-debate.html
Li, Q. & Akins, M. (2005). Sixteen myths about online teaching and learning in higher education: don’t believe everything you hear”, Tech Trends, 49(3). 51-60.
Long, M. H. (1996). The role of the linguistic environment in second language acquisition. In
W.C. Ritchie & T.K. Bathia (Eds.), Handbook of research on second language (pp. 413- 468). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Magen-Nagar, N., & Shonfeld, M. (2018). The impact of an online collaborative learning program on students’ attitude towards technology. Interactive Learning Environments, 26, 621–637.
Margaliot, A., Gorev, D., & Vaisman, T. (2018). How student teachers describe the online collaborative learning experience and evaluate its contribution to their learning and their future work as teachers. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 34(2), 88–102.
Mayer, R. E. (Ed.) (2014a). The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning (2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press.
McConnell, D., Hodgson, V., & Dirckinck-Holmfeld, L. (2012). Networked learning: A brief history and new trends. In L. Dirckinck-Holmfeld, V. Hodgson, & D. McConnell (Eds.), Exploring the theory, pedagogy and practice of networked learning (pp. 3–24). New York: Springer.
Means, B., Toyama, Y., Murphy, R. & Baki, M. (2013). The effectiveness of online and blended learning: a meta-analysis of the empirical literature, Teachers College Record, pp. 1-47.
Nagy, A. (2005). The Impact of E-Learning, in: Bruck, P.A.; Buckkolz, A.; Karssen, Z.; Zerfass, (Eds). E-Content: Technologies and Perspectives for the European Market. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp.79-96
Poulou, M. (2005). The Prevention of Emotional and Behavioural Diffi culties in Schools: Teachers’ Suggestions. Educational Psychology in Practice, 21 (1), 39–54.
Ponti, M., & Hodgson, V. (2006). Networked management learning for managers of small and medium enterprises. In S. Banks, V. Hodgson, C. R. Jones, B. Kemp, D. McConnell, & C.
Smith (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Networked Learning 2006. Lancaster: University of Lancaster.
Ravet, J. (2007). Making sense of disengagement in the primary classroom: a study of pupil, teacher and parent perceptions. Research Papers in Education, 22 (3), 333–362.
Rose-Krasnor, L. (1997). The nature of social competence: A theoretical review. Social
Development, 6, 111–135.
Rotterdam: Sense.Ornellas A and Mu~noz Carril PC (2014) A methodological approach to support collaborative media creation in an e-learning higher education context. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning 29(1), 59–71.
Ryberg, T., Davidsen, J., & Hodgson, V. (2018). Understanding nomadic collaborative learning groups. British Journal of Educational Technology, 49(2), 235–247. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12584.
Scott P. (2013). MOOCs: If we’re not careful ‘open’ courses will change minds. .Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/education/2013/aug/05/moocs-online-higher-education.
Smith, B. (2005). The relationship between negotiated interaction, learner uptake, and lexical acquisition in task-based computer-mediated communication. TESOL Quarterly 39 (1), 33-58.
Swan K, Shen J. & Hiltz, S.R. (2013). Assessment and collaboration in online learning.
Available at: www.kent.edu/ehhs/dl/upload/assessment-and-collaborati.
Swain, M. (1985). Communicative competence: Some roles of comprehensible input and comprehensible output in its development. In S. Gass & C. Madden (Eds.), Input in second language acquisition (pp. 235-253). Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
Tittasiri W (2003). A comparison of e-learning and traditional learning: Experimental approach. International Journal of Information Technology & Computer Science 12(3), 67–74.
Van der Heijden, H., D. Beijaard, Geldens, J.J. & Popeijus. M. (2018). Understanding Teachers as Change Agents: An Investigation of Primary School Teachers’ Self-perception. Journal of Educational Change 19, 347–373. doi:10.1007/s10833-018-9320-9.
Van Houtte, M. (2007). Exploring teacher trust in technical/vocational secondary schools: male teachers' preference for girls. Teaching and Teacher Education, 23, 826-839.
van Leeuwen T. (2018). Aesthetics and text in the digital age. In: Mills KA, Stornaiuolo A, Smith A, et al. (eds) Handbook of Writing, Literacies, and Education in Digital Cultures. New York: Routledge, pp. 285–300.
Whitty, G. (2006) Education(al) research and education policy making: is conflict inevitable? British Educational Research Journal, 32, 159–176.
Wubbels, T., Brekelmans, M., (2005).Two decades of research on teacher-student relationships in class”, International Journal of Educational Research, 43, 6-98.
Zhang, K. & Carr-Chellman, A. (2001). Peer Online Discourse Analysis. Available at: https://search.proquest.com/eric/docview/62195116/4DE2C0795A2C4EBBPQ/
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Authors

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Similar Articles
- Jonghyun Park, Investigating How Implicit Learning and Phonemic Symbols Impact EFL Pronunciation Instruction , Innovation in Language Testing and Teaching: Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Innovation in Language Testing and Teaching (ILTT)
- Vahid Ghorbani, Understanding Language as a Key to Enhancing Intercultural Competence: Insights from Cultural Psychology , Innovation in Language Testing and Teaching: Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Innovation in Language Testing and Teaching (ILTT)
- Muhammad Iqbal Al Ghozali, Hossein Salarian, Non-experienced and Experienced Teachers’ Attitudes towards Sources of Learners’ Demotivation , Innovation in Language Testing and Teaching: Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Innovation in Language Testing and Teaching (ILTT)
- Ockey Stansfield, Saehu Abas, Exploring EFL Views about the Value of Test Preparation Exam for TOEFL , Innovation in Language Testing and Teaching: Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Innovation in Language Testing and Teaching (ILTT)
- Hossein Salarian, How University Entrance Examinations Can Threaten Validity in Higher Education Admissions , Innovation in Language Testing and Teaching: Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Innovation in Language Testing and Teaching (ILTT)
- Achilova Sevara Dzhasirkulovna, Contents of Training Future Speech Therapists to Work with Children With Severe Speech Disorders , Innovation in Language Testing and Teaching: Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Innovation in Language Testing and Teaching (ILTT)
- Akram Nayernia, Vajiheh Mostafa, Iranian EFL Learners’ Use of Interactional Methods Across Type A and Type B Personality Profiles , Innovation in Language Testing and Teaching: Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Innovation in Language Testing and Teaching (ILTT)
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.

